Self-efficacy and social support of mothers of preterms in neonatal unit / Autoeficácia e apoio social das mães de prematuros em unidade neonatal

Abstract Objectives: to analyze a correlation between self-efficacy and social support of mothers of preterms in early postpartum. Methods: cross-sectional study, carried out with 120 mothers of preterm infants from a Maternity School, from June to September 2018. Sociodemographic, reproductive and scales were used to assess the Maternal Self-Efficacy and Social Support. A descriptive analysis was carried out and the MannWhitney Test, Kruskal Wallis Test and Spearman correlation were applied. Results: there was a positive correlation between self-efficacy, parity (p=0.017), years of schooling (p=0.017) and Social Support (p=0.002). An unexpected finding was a high self-efficacy among mothers up to eight years of schooling, in the countryside of the State and with low income. Conclusion: social support, in all dimensions: material, affective, emotional, information and social interaction, proven to be a predictor of maternal self-efficacy.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a correlação entre autoeficácia materna e apoio social de mães de recémnascidos prematuros no período de pós-parto precoce. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado junto a 120 mães de prematuros de uma Maternidade Escola, no período de junho a dezembro de 2018. Utilizaram-se dados sociodemográficos, reprodutivos e escalas para Avaliação da Autoeficácia Materna e Apoio Social. Procedeu-se a análise descritiva e aplicaram-se os testes de Teste Mann-Whitney, Teste de Kruskal Wallis e correlação de Spearman. Resultados: evidenciou-se correlação positiva entre autoeficácia, paridade (p=0,017), anos de estudo (p=0,017) e Apoio Social (p=0,002). Um achado inesperado foi a alta autoeficácia entre mães com até oito anos de estudo, do interior do estado e de baixa renda. Conclusão: o apoio social, em todas as dimensões: material, afetivo, emocional, de informação e interação social, mostrou-se preditor da autoeficácia materna.

Disseminação de conhecimento na área da saúde da mulher e da criança: avaliação de implantação de uma estratégia mediada por tecnologia digital / Dissemination of knowledge in the area of women's and children's health: evaluation of the implementation of a strategy mediated by digital technology

Introdução: O Portal de Boas Práticas do Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF/Fiocruz) é uma ferramenta digital, de livre acesso, que tem como objetivo a disseminação de conhecimento para a melhoria da prática clínica nas áreas de saúde da mulher, da criança e do recém-nascido. Tem como público-alvo os profissionais de saúde do SUS e seu acervo é composto por sínteses em diferentes formatos e webinares semanais com especialistas de referência de todo o Brasil. Iniciado em outubro de 2017, o Portal de Boas Práticas conta com mais de 6 milhões de acessos e 35 mil usuários cadastrados. Objetivo geral: Avaliar a implantação de uma estratégia de disseminação de conhecimento, nas áreas de saúde da mulher, da criança e do recém-nascido, mediada por tecnologia digital. Método: Pesquisa avaliativa no campo da saúde, desenvolvida com o seguinte percurso metodológico: identificação e envolvimento dos potenciais interessados; análise documental e descrição da intervenção; elaboração e validação do Modelo Lógico; elaboração e validação das perguntas avaliativas e da Matriz de Medidas; elaboração, validação e aplicação de survey com os usuários; análise do acervo do Portal de Boas Práticas e dos resultados do survey. A definição do Grau de Implantação considerou as dimensões estrutura, processos e resultado. Resultados: O Modelo Lógico da intervenção identificou três componentes: ambiente virtual; produção e disponibilização de conteúdo e articulação em rede. Foram definidas 32 perguntas avaliativas sendo 15 para dimensão estrutura, 16 para a dimensão processos e uma para a dimensão resultado. Considerou-se que o Grau de Implantação do Portal de Boas Práticas é 82% na dimensão estrutura, 80% na dimensão processos e 100% na dimensão resultado. Os critérios ainda não implantados ou incipientes referem-se à: falta de uma estratégia para a revisão do acervo, pouca representatividade de especialistas de algumas regiões do país, recursos humanos da coordenação geral com vínculos precários e ausência de financiamento específico para o Portal de Boas Práticas. Conclusões: Ainda existem poucas estratégias de disseminação de conhecimento para profissionais das áreas de saúde da mulher, da criança e do recém-nascido com as características do Portal de Boas Práticas do IFF/Fiocruz. Foram identificados elementos facilitadores para a implantação e alcance da intervenção. Embora a ferramenta esteja implantada, considera-se que sua sustentabilidade e ampliação devem ser objeto de análise institucional. Considera-se que novos estudos avaliativos devem ser conduzidos no sentido de aprofundar os resultados e impacto desta e de outras ferramentas digitais, com foco melhoria da prática clínica dos profissionais de saúde do SUS.

Background: The Good Practices Portal of the Fernandes Figueira National Institute for Women, Children and Adolescents' Health (Portal de Boas Práticas do IFF/Fiocruz) is a free access digital strategy that aims to disseminate knowledge to improve clinical practice in the areas of women's, children's and newborn´s health. It's target audience is public health professionals and its collection consists of syntheses in different formats and weekly webinars with leading specialists from all over Brazil. The Good Practices Portal started in October 2017 and has now more than 6 million accesses and 35.000 registered users. Aim: To evaluate the implementation of a knowledge dissemination strategy in the areas of women's, children's and newborns' health, mediated by digital technology. Methods: Evaluative research in the health field, developed following the methodological path: identification and involvement of potential stakeholders; document analysis and description of the intervention; development and validation of the Logic Model; development and validation of the evaluative questions and the Measurement Matrix; formulation, validation and application of the survey with users; analysis of the Portal's collection and of the survey's results. The definition of the Degree of Implementation considered the dimensions structure, processes and results. Results: The Logic Model of the intervention identified three components: virtual environment; production and availability of content and network. 32 evaluative questions were defined, 15 for the structure dimension, 16 for the processes dimension and one for the result dimension. This study considered that the Good Practices Portal is implemented, with an implementation degree of 82% in the structure dimension, 80% in the processes dimension and 100% in the result dimension. The criteria not yet implemented or incipient refer to: lack of a strategy for reviewing the collection, low representation of specialists from some regions of the country, human resources from the coordination with unstable labor contracts and lack of specific funding for the Good Practices Portal. Conclusions: There are still few strategies for disseminating knowledge for professionals in the fields of women's, children's and newborns' health, with the characteristics of the Good Practices Portal from IFF/Fiocruz. Facilitating elements were identified for the implementation and range of the intervention. Although the strategy is implemented, it is considered that it's sustainability and expansion should be subject to institutional analysis. It is considered that new evaluative studies should be conducted in order to deepen the results and impact of this and other digital strategies focused on improving the clinical practices of public health professionals.

Medo do parto: uma revisão das intervenções baseadas na Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental / Fear of childbirth: a review of interventions based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Miedo al parto: una revisión de intervenciones basadas en Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual

O medo do parto vaginal é bastante comum e pode ter impactos relevantes na saúde materno-infantil. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar de que forma a Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (TCC) tem sido aplicada em casos de medo do parto e avaliar a eficácia dessas intervenções. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura através das bases de dados BVS Brasil, Scopus e PubMed, no período de fevereiro de 2019 a abril de 2019. Após a análise dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, um total de oito textos completos constituíram a amostra final. Técnicas terapêuticas como a reestruturação cognitiva, a exposição e a atenção plena demonstraram ser relevantes para a elaboração de uma percepção menos catastrófica do parto e para o desenvolvimento de maior confiança nas próprias habilidades de enfrentamento do trabalho de parto. Conclui-se que as intervenções em TCC apresentam potencial benefício para o tratamento do medo do parto.

Fear of childbirth is a very common phenomenon among women and may significantly impact maternal-infant health. The goal of this study is to investigate how Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has been applied in cases of fear of childbirth and assess the efficacy of such interventions. A systematic review of these practices was made using the BVS Brazil, Scopus, and PubMed databases, from February to April 2019. After analyzing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of six full studies were selected as the final sample for this research. Therapeutic techniques such as cognitive restructuring, exposure, and mindfulness have proven to be important means of developing a less catastrophic perception of childbirth along with greater self-confidence in the abilities to cope with labor. The review led to the conclusion that CBT does have the potential to treat fear of childbirth.

El miedo al parto es muy común y puede afectar significativamente la salud materno-infantil. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar cómo se ha aplicado la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual (TCC) en casos de miedo al parto y evaluar la eficacia de las intervenciones. Se realizó una revisión sistemática a través de las bases de datos BVS Brasil, Scopus y PubMed, de febrero a abril de 2019. Después de analizar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, un total de seis textos completos constituyeron la muestra final. Las técnicas terapéuticas como la reestructuración cognitiva, la exposición y la atención plena demostraron ser relevantes para la elaboración de una percepción menos catastrófica del parto y para el desarrollo de una mayor confianza en las capacidades propias para enfrentar el parto. La revisión llevó a la conclusión de que la TCC tiene potencial benéfico para tratar el miedo al parto.

Impacto del abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva sobre la salud de los lactantes / Impact of exclusive breastfeeding withdrawal on the health of babies

Introducción: El abandono de la lactancia materna es uno de los problemas que enfrenta el Sistema Nacional de Salud en Cuba por las consecuencias desfavorables que representa para la salud de los lactantes. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre el abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva y las afectaciones en la salud de los lactantes. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal, en 105 lactantes del Policlínico Aleida Fernández Chardiet nacidos en 2019, cuyas madres dejaron de utilizar la lactancia materna exclusiva antes del sexto mes. Las variables utilizadas fueron edad materna, tiempo de duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva, las enfermedades más frecuentes diagnosticadas en el niño y la necesidad de ingresos hospitalarios. Se aplicó la prueba no paramétrica de independencia Chi Cuadrado para demostrar la relación entre variables. Resultados: Predominó el abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva antes de los 3 meses y no se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre esta y las afecciones más frecuentes de los lactantes (las IRA en 40 por ciento y las EDA en 23,8 por ciento). El 55,2 por ciento necesitó ingreso hospitalario antes del sexto mes y la relación con el abandono precoz de la lactancia materna exclusiva fue estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: El abandono precoz de la lactancia materna exclusiva afecta la salud de los lactantes y aunque las afecciones no tuvieron una relación estadísticamente significativa con aquella sí tienen una elevada frecuencia en estos niños de tan corta edad(AU)

Introduction: Breastfeeding withdrawal is one of the challenges faced by the Cuban National Health System due to its adverse consequences on the health of babies. Objective: To identify the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding withdrawal and health disorders in babies. Material and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out on 105 breastfed babies from "Aleida Fernández Chardiet" Policlinic who were born in 2019 and were precociously weaned from exclusive breastfeeding before the sixth month. The variables used were: maternal age, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, most frequent diseases diagnosed in the child, and need for hospital admission. The chi-squared non-parametric independence test was used to show the relationship among variables. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding withdrawal before the third month was predominant (71, 4 percent); the most frequent diseases diagnosed were respiratory diseases and diarrheas (40 percent and 23,8 percent, respectively); about half the babies required hospital admission (55,2 percent) before the sixth month; the relationship with early withdrawal of breastfeeding was statistically significant. Conclusions: Early withdrawal of breastfeeding has negative effects on the health of babies. Although the illnesses did not have a statistically significant relationship with it, a high frequency of their incidence was found in such young babies(AU)

Consumo de alimentos açucarados e qualidade do sono no primeiro ano de vida: dados de uma coorte de nascimentos no nordeste do Brasil / Consumo de alimentos azucarados y calidad del sueño en el primer año de vida: datos de una cohorte de nacimiento en el noreste de Brasil / Consumption of sugary foods and quality of sleep in the first year of life: data from a birth cohort in northeastern Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar a duração do sono (DS), a frequência de despertares noturnos (DN) e o consumo de alimentos açucarados no primeiro ano de vida e verificar a associação entre o consumo desses alimentos e a má qualidade do sono. Métodos: a população do estudo foi composta de 179 crianças integrantes de uma coorte de nascimentos de Rio Largo-AL. As mães foram questionadas sobre a oferta regular de alimentos açucarados (açúcar/farinhas de cereais instantâneas com açúcar/bebidas açucaradas/doces) e o sono foi investigado pelo questionário traduzido e validado Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Foram considerados indicadores de má qualidade do sono DS<12h e DN>2. Os testes de qui-quadrado de Pearson e exato de Fisher foram adotados para verificar associações entre o consumo de açucarados e a má qualidade do sono aos seis e 12 meses (p<0,05). Resultados: mais da metade das crianças apresentou DS<1 2h (60,3%) e cerca de » DN>2. O consumo regular de pelo menos uma das categorias de açucarados foi verificado entre 50,6, 91,1 e 100% das crianças aos três, seis e 12 meses de idade, respectivamente. Não foram encontradas associações entre o consumo desses alimentos e os indicadores de má qualidade de sono. Conclusão: o consumo de açucarados e a má qualidade de sono foram frequentes em nosso estudo, no entanto, não se identificou associação entre as variáveis. Mais investigações são necessárias para elucidar como o sono e a alimentação se inter-relacionam e se potencializam mutuamente como fatores determinantes do crescimento e desenvolvimento de lactentes.

RESUMEN Objetivo: investigar la duración del sueño (DS), la frecuencia de despertares nocturnos (DN) y el consumo de alimentos azucarados en el primer año de vida y verificar la asociación entre el consumo de estos alimentos y la mala calidad del sueño. Métodos: la población de estudio consistió en 179 niños de una cohorte de nacimiento en Rio Largo-AL. Se preguntó a las madres sobre el suministro regular de alimentos azucarados (azúcar / harinas de cereales instantáneas con azúcar / bebidas endulzadas / dulces) y se investigó el sueño mediante el cuestionario traducido y validado BriefInfantSleepQuestionnaire. Fueron considerados indicadores de mala calidad del sueño DS <12h y DN> 2. Se utilizaron las pruebas de chi-cuadrado de Pearson y exacta de Fisher para verificar las asociaciones entre el consumo de azúcar y la mala calidad del sueño a los seis y 12 meses (p <0.05). Resultados: más de la mitad de los niños tenían DS <1 2 h (60,3%) y alrededor de » DN> 2. Se verificó el consumo regular de al menos una de las categorías azucaradas entre el 50,6, el 91,1 y el 100% de los niños a los tres, seis y 12 meses de edad, respectivamente. No se encontraron asociaciones entre el consumo de estos alimentos y los indicadores de mala calidad del sueño. Conclusión: el consumo de azucarados y la mala calidad del sueño fueron frecuentes en nuestro estudio, sin embargo, no se identificó asociación entre las variables. Se necesita más investigación para dilucidar cómo el sueño y la alimentación se interrelacionan y se mejoran mutuamente como determinantes del crecimiento y desarrollo infantil.

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate sleep duration (SD), frequency of night awakenings (NA) and consumption of sugary foods in the first year of life and to verify the association between consumption of these foods and poor sleep quality. Methods: the study population consisted of 179 children from a birth cohort in Rio Largo-AL. Mothers were asked about the regular supply of sugary foods (sugar/instant cereal flours with sugar/sweetened drinks/sweets) and sleep was investigated by the translated and validated Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. DS<12h and AN>2 were considered indicators of poor sleep quality. Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to verify associations between sugary consumption and poor sleep quality at six and 12 months (p<0.05). Results: more than half of the children had SD<1 2h (60.3%) and about » AN>2. Regular consumption of at least one of the sugary categories was verified among 50.6, 91.1 and 100% of children at three, six and 12 months of age, respectively. No associations were found between the consumption of these foods and indicators of poor sleep quality. Conclusion: sugary consumption and poor sleep quality were frequent in our study; however, no association was identified between the variables. More investigations are needed to elucidate how sleep and feeding are interrelated and mutually potentiate as determinants of infant growth and development.

Adéquation des soins de santé maternelle, néonatale et infantile: de la grossesse au programme d'immunisation de l'enfant dans la Zone de Santé Kenya à Lubumbashi / NA

Introduction. Le continuum des soins pour la santé maternelle, néonatale et infantile reconnait une interrelation étroite entre la santé de la mère, du nouveau-né et de l'enfant à différents niveaux. L'objectif était de vérifier l'adéquation d'utilisation des services essentiels dans le continuum des soins de santé maternelle, néonatale et infantile. Méthodologie. Il s'agit d'une étude descriptive transversale sur interview semi-dirigée auprès des femmes ayant un enfant de 9 mois à une année pendant la période allant de mars à juin 2022. L'échantillonnage a été arrêté à 422 femmes. Résultats. La moyenne d'âge maternel était de 28,37 ± 6,41 ans dont les extrêmes étaient de 17 ans et 47 ans. Le taux de suivi de CPN était de 88,86%, la fréquence moyenne des CPN était de 2,5 ± 1,3. Pendant les CPN, 82,93% des femmes avaient bénéficié d'un contrôle de la pression artérielle (PA), 80,27% de la mesure du poids, 78,40% de dépistage du VIH, 77,33% de la vaccination contre le tétanos, 76% de la prophylaxie contre le paludisme et 73,33% d'une supplémentation martiale. Le taux de césarienne était de 18,48% et 62,56% des femmes avaient accouché à l'hôpital ; 33,18% au centre de santé ; 3,32% à domicile et 0,95% en cours de route. Ainsi, 97,15% des enfants avaient été vaccinés et avaient reçu les vaccins anti polio, VPI, BCG et 95,97% avaient reçu DTC, pneumonie et le vaccin contre l'hépatite B, 95,02% des enfants avaient reçu le VAR. Conclusion. Les soins pour la santé maternelle, néonatale et infantile pose encore des problèmes à Lubumbashi. Ainsi la compréhension de la façon dont les femmes utilisent les soins aidera à mettre en œuvre et prioriser les interventions visant à améliorer la santé maternelle, néonatale et infantile.

"When America Sneezes, the World Catches a Cold" What does overturning Roe v. Wade mean for women's reproductive health in Africa?

Communities and countries and ultimately the world are only as strong as the health of their women." - Michelle Obama, 2016 On 24 June 2022, the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) decided on Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Center, overturning the historic Roe v. Wade decision that has, since 1973, confirmed and enshrined the constitutional right of a woman to seek an abortion1 . Restrictions to legal, safe abortions are known to have serious repercussions for maternal and infant health. Evidence shows that restricting access to abortion does not reduce the number of abortions; it only makes abortion less safe and more likely to lead to preventable complications, including maternal death. Conversely, expanding access to safe, legal abortion­a common medical procedure that carries very little risk when performed by a trained provider in an appropriate environment­is associated with improved maternal health outcomes. Further, illegal abortion results in negative societal outcomes, including chronic morbidity for the individual woman; economic burdens to women and their communities when they cannot work or finish school; and added stress to families, communities, and already over-stretched public health systems.

Socio-cultural factors influencing teenage pregnancy in the East Mamprusi Municipality, Ghana

Teenage pregnancy puts a heavy cost on the mother and newborn child, family and the wider society. Despite measures taken by the Ghana Health Service to tackle the issue of teenage pregnancy, the phenomenon remains a public health concern that is widespread throughout the country. The study investigated the socio-cultural factors influencing teenage pregnancy in the East Mamprusi Municipality using an exploratory descriptive design. The study was conducted in rural communities in the East Mamprusi Municipality, in the North East Region of Ghana. Eighteen (18) participants were purposively sampled. Data collection was done by face to face interviews using an interview guide. The study found that polygamous families, parents' desire for grandchildren, multiple sexual partners and poverty were reportedly influencing teenage pregnancy in the rural community. The bid to establish close family ties also accounted for early marriages. There is a culture of silence on matters of sexuality in the community. Teenage pregnancy is an observed phenomenon admitted by the participants and teenage girls are at risk of serious health complications. This phenomenon paints a gloomy picture of the girl child education in the municipality. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[5]: 120-130).

Dermatite néonatale: à propos de 116 cas recueillis dans un CHU d'Abidjan / Newborns dermatitis: about 116 cases collected in a university hospital in Abidjan

Objectifs : Déterminer le profil épidémiologique des dermatoses du nouveau-né et de décrire les différents aspects cliniques des dermatoses néonatales observées. Matériel et méthodes : L'étude s'est déroulée au Centre hospitalier universitaire de Cocody (Abidjan). L'étude était transversale, à visée descriptive et analytique, réalisée sur la base d'un recrutement prospectif. Ont été inclus, les nouveau-nés ayant été vus en consultation externe ou en hospitalisationdu 4 avril 2018 au 23 août 2018 chez qui le médecin pédiatre avait observé des lésions cutanées et/ou muqueuses.Ensuite,le diagnostic était posé par le dermatologue référant de l'étude. Résultats : Pendant la période d'étude, 116 nouveau-nés ont été recensés. La moyenne d'âge était 16,86 ± 8,4 jours avec un âge médian de 19 jours. Lesex ratio (H/F) était de 1. Dans plus de la moitié (53,5%) des cas, les lésions évoluaient depuis moins de 5 jours. Une dermatose transitoire était diagnostiquée dans plus de la moitié des cas (51,7%) et dans près du tiers des cas (32,6%) une dermatose infectieuse. Les dermatoses transitoires du nouveau-né étaient dominées par la miliaire sudorale (40%), l'érythème toxique (23%), la desquamation néonatale (10,7%) et l'hyperplasie néonatale (10,7%). Les taches mongoloïdes représentaient3,3% des cas. Les dermatoses infectieuses étaient essentiellement représentées par des infections mycosiques (68,4%) et bactériennes (31,6%). Les autres dermatoses néonatales observées étaient dominées par dermite du siège (64,3%) et les nævi congénitaux (21,5%). Plus de la moitié (57,1%) des cas d'érythème toxique néonatal survenaient entre le 6e et le 10e jour de vie. L'âge moyen des patients présentant une dermatose transitoire était de 14,31 jours contre 19,41 jours pour ceux présentant les autres dermatoses. La différence observée au niveau de l'âge était statistiquement significative (p < 0,05). Conclusion: Les dermatoses néonatales sont multiples et variées. Certaines sont transitoires, ne nécessitant pas toujours de prise en charge thérapeutique. Leur diagnostic n'est pas toujours évident pour le pédiatre d'où la nécessité d'une étroite collaboration entre pédiatres et dermatologues afin d'améliorer la démarche diagnostique et parfois thérapeutique

Aims: To determine the epidemiological profile of newborn dermatitis and to describe the different clinical aspects of the observed neonatal dermatitis. Procedure: The study took place at the University Hospital of Cocody (Abidjan). The study was cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical, carried out on the basis of prospective recruitment. The study included newborns who were seen in outpatient or inpatient settings by 4 april 2018 to 23 August 2018 and in whom the pediatrician had observed cutaneous and/or mucosal lesions. The diagnosis was made with the collaboration of a dermatologist. Results: During the study period, 116 newborns were identified. The age of the patients seen in pediatrics with dermatitis varied from 1 to 28 days, with a mean of 16.86 ± 8.4 days. The median age was 19 days. The most representative age range (32.8%) was 24-28 days. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1. In almost 2/3 of the cases, the children were born at term, 29.3% were premature and 5.2% were born after term. In almost 2/3 of the cases (63.8%), the newborns had a birth weight of more than 2500 g. Only 3.4% of newborns seen in pediatric consultations were referred for a dermatitis. The age of the lesions at the time of consultation varied from 1 to 26 days, with a mean of 06.19 days ± 5.13. In more than half (53.5%) of the cases, the lesions had evolved for less than 5 days. Transient dermatitis was more frequent (51.7%), followed by infectious dermatitis (32.8%). Transient dermatitis of the newborn was dominated by sweaty miliaria (40%). Infectious dermatitis were mainly represented by mycotic (68.4%) and bacterial (31.9%) infections. Bacterial dermatitis were composed of neonatal impetigo (83.3%) and folliculitis (16.7%). In almost half of the cases (46.1%) the mycotic dermatitis were represented by candidosis intertrigo and in 38.5% of the cases there was oral candidiasis. The other neonatal dermatitis observed were dominated by diaper rash (64.3%) (Photo 2) and congenital nevi (21.5%). More than half (57.1%) of the cases of toxic erythema neonatorum occurred between days 6 and 10 of life. Nearly half (41.6%) of the cases of sudoral miliaria occurred between birth and day 5 of life. More than half (57.1%) of the cases of sebaceous hyperplasia occurred before the 5th day of life. All cases of neonatal scaling and mongoloid spots were already present between birth and day 5 of life. The mean age of patients with transient dermatitis was 14.31 days compared with 19.41 days for those with the other dermatitis. The difference in age was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The transient dermatitis predominated in male neonates while the other dermatitis predominated in females, however the difference observed at the level of sex was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The diagnosis of neonatal dermatitis is not always obvious, especially on black skin where few publications have been published

Health policy and systems research capacity development to support maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health in West and Central Africa

Objectives: To examine how and why a South-South capacity development and networking program for leadership, research, practice and advocacy on maternal new-born, child and adolescent health and health policy and systems strengthening in West Africa and Cameroon worked and identify lessons for low- and middle-income countries. Design: Single qualitative case study drawing on data from document review, observations, key informant interviews and a deliberative workshop. Ethics approval for primary data collection was obtained from the Ghana Health Service Ethical Review Committee (GHS-ERC 012/10/18). Setting: West Africa and Cameroon Participants: Researchers, policy and programme managers and frontline health workers Interventions: Networking and capacity development Results: The programme made good progress in implementing many but not all planned capacity development and networking activities. The opportunity to network with other organisations and individuals and across countries, disciplines, and languages as well as to learn, to develop skills, and obtain mentorship support, were considered valuable benefits of the partnership. Human and financial resource constraints meant that not all planned interventions could be implemented. Conclusions: Lessons for health policy and systems research capacity building in LMIC include the potential of South-South partnerships, the need for dedicated resources, the potential of Sub-regional health organizations to support capacity building and recognition that each effort builds on preceding efforts of others, and that it is important to explore and understand where the energy and momentum for change lies.

Registros de enfermagem nas consultas em puericultura / Nursing records in child care consultations

Objetivo: Analisar os registros de enfermagem nas consultas em puericultura de crianças de 0 a 18 meses assistidas em Unidade de Saúde da Família. Métodos: Estudo documental, realizado através de pesquisa em prontuários de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família, composta por quatro equipes de saúde da família, no município do Recife, Pernambuco. A amostra foi composta por 108 prontuários de lactentes de zero a 18 meses. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise descritiva. Resultados: Em relação aos registros de enfermagem, pôde-se observar que em apenas 1,9% dos prontuários constavam todas as medidas antropométricas, e somente 6,5% apresentavam os marcos do desenvolvimento. Nos registros de alimentação, 58,7% dos prontuários registravam a duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo, e quando se fazia uso de leite industrializado, apenas 6,9% apresentavam sua diluição. Quanto à prescrição de suplementação de ferro, houve registro em 4,6% dos prontuários, dos quais nenhum descreveu o esquema de suplementação prescrito. Em relação à imunização, 99,1% apresentavam registro acerca da vacinação. Conclusão: Observou-se uma lacuna nos registros das consultas de enfermagem em puericultura, com ausência de informações no prontuário essenciais para o acompanhamento sistemático da saúde da criança. (AU)

Objective: To analyze nursing records in childcare consultations for children aged 0 to 18 months assisted in a Family Health Unit. Methods: Documentary study, carried out through research in medical records of a Family Health Unit, composed of four family health teams, in the city of Recife, Pernambuco. The sample consisted of 108 medical records of infants aged zero to 18 months. The data were analyzed through descriptive analysis. Results: Regarding the nursing records, it was observed that only 1.9% of the medical records contained all anthropometric measurements, and only 6.5% had the developmental milestones. In the food records, 58.7% of the medical records recorded the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, and when industrialized milk was used, only 6.9% presented its dilution. Regarding the prescription of iron supplementation, 4.6% of the medical records were recorded, of which none described the prescribed supplementation scheme. Regarding immunization, 99.1% had a record about vaccination. Conclusion: There was a gap in the records of nursing consultations in childcare, with the absence of information in the medical records essential for the systematic monitoring of child health. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar los registros de enfermería en consultas de cuidado infantil para niños de 0 a 18 meses atendidos en una Unidad de Salud Familiar. Métodos: Estudio documental, realizado a través de la investigación en registros médicos de una Unidad de Salud Familiar, compuesta por cuatro equipos de salud familiar, en la ciudad de Recife, Pernambuco. La muestra consistió en 108 registros médicos de bebés de zero a 18 meses. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis descriptivo. Resultados: Con respecto a los registros de enfermería, se observó que solo el 1.9% de los registros médicos contenía todas las medidas antropométricas, y solo el 6.5% tenía hitos en el desarrollo. En los registros de alimentos, el 58.7% de los registros médicos registraron la duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva, y cuando se usó leche industrializada, solo el 6.9% presentó su dilución. Con respecto a la prescripción de suplementos de hierro, se registró el 4,6% de los registros médicos, de los cuales ninguno describió el esquema de suplementos prescrito. Con respecto a la inmunización, el 99.1% tenía un registro sobre vacunación. Conclusion: Hubo una brecha en los registros de consultas de enfermería en el cuidado de niños, con la ausencia de información en los registros médicos esenciales para el monitoreo sistemático de la salud infantil. (AU)

Diagnósticos de enfermagem CIPE® relacionados à nutrição na clínica pediátrica: estudo transversal / ICNP® nursing diagnoses related to nutrition in the pediatric clinic: a cross-sectional study / Diagnósticos de enfermería de la CIPE® relacionados con la nutrición en la clínica pediátrica: estudio transversal

OBJETIVO: identificar os Diagnósticos de Enfermagem CIPE® relacionados à necessidade humana básica de nutrição na clínica pediátrica. MÉTODO: estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado na clínica pediátrica de um hospital público da cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba. A amostra foi composta por 91 participantes, entre crianças e adolescentes com período de internação superior a 24 horas. RESULTADO: foi possível identificar os diagnósticos: Emagrecimento; Adesão ao Regime Dietético Eficaz; Comportamento Alimentar Infantil, Prejudicado; Apetite, Prejudicado; Obesidade; Amamentação Exclusiva; Amamentação Exclusiva Prejudicada; Problema de Peso Corporal; Sobrepeso; Adesão ao Regime Dietético Prejudicada e Condição Nutricional, Prejudicada. CONCLUSÃO: dentre os diagnósticos, destacaram-se Apetite Eficaz; Comportamento Alimentar Infantil Eficaz; Padrão de Ingestão de Alimentos ou Líquidos Eficaz; Condição Nutricional Positiva e Capacidade para Alimentar-se. A elaboração dos diagnósticos relacionados à nutrição da criança e adolescente corrobora à construção de subconjuntos terminológicos, a fim de garantir a eficácia do cuidado.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the ICNP® Nursing Diagnoses related to the basic human need for nutrition in the pediatric clinic. METHOD: a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out in the pediatric clinic of a public hospital in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba. The sample consisted of 91 participants, including children and adolescents with a hospital stay of more than 24 hours. RESULT: it was possible to identify the following diagnoses: Weight loss; Adherence to the Effective Dietary Regime; Infant Feeding Behavior, Impaired; Appetite, Impaired; Obesity; Exclusive Breastfeeding; Impaired Exclusive Breastfeeding; Body Weight Problem; Overweight; Impaired Adherence to Diet; and Nutritional Condition, Impaired. CONCLUSION: the following stood out among the diagnoses: Effective Appetite; Effective Infant Feeding Behavior; Effective Food or Fluid Intake Pattern; Positive Nutritional Status; and Ability to Feed. Elaboration of the diagnoses related to child and adolescent nutrition corroborates the construction of terminology subsets, in order to ensure care effectiveness.

OBJETIVO: identificar los diagnósticos de enfermería de la CIPE® relacionados con la necesidad humana básica de nutrición en la clínica pediátrica. MÉTODO: estudio transversal con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en la clínica pediátrica de un hospital público de la ciudad de João Pessoa, Paraíba. La muestra estuvo formada por 91 participantes, niños y adolescentes con una estancia hospitalaria de más de 24 horas. RESULTADO: fue posible identificar los diagnósticos: Pérdida de Peso; Adherencia al Régimen Alimentario Efectiva; Conducta Alimentaria Infantil, Alterada; Apetito Alterado; Obesidad; Lactancia Exclusiva; Lactancia Exclusiva Comprometida; Problema dePeso Corporal; Sobrepeso; Adherencia al Régimen Alimentario Comprometida y Condición Nutricional Deteriorada. CONCLUSIÓN: entre los diagnósticos se destacó Apetito Efectivo; Conducta Alimentaria Infantil Efectiva; Patrón de Ingesta de Alimentos o LíquidosEfectivo; Estado Nutricional Positivo y Capacidad para Alimentarse. La elaboración de diagnósticos relacionados con la nutrición infantil y adolescente coincide con la construcción de subconjuntos terminológicos, a fin de asegurar la efectividad del cuidado.

Crack and motor development of babies living in an assistance shelter / O crack e o desenvolvimento motor de bebês moradores de um abrigo assistencial

INTRODUCTION: The baby motor development happens naturally with the complex interaction of the body, performing tasks in its context. When the body suffers negative external influence, such as the use of drugs by the mother during pregnancy, and develops in an environment different from home, such as shelters, it is questionable how the motor development would be. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the motor development of babies living in welfare shelters, children of crack users during pregnancy; to verify if there is an association of motor delay in these babies; and to describe the environment in which they were inserted. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, with a convenience sample. There were 29 babies between three and 16 months old. Twenty-two of them were exposed to crack during pregnancy (Crack Group) and the remaining seven were not (Non-Crack Group). All were living in a specific shelter. To assess broad motor development, the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) was used. The Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) was used to assess home environment opportunities. RESULTS: In the crack group, the developmental delay was confirmed in 36.4% cases and suspected in 18.2%. Most babies in the crack group were typical (45.5%). There was no statistically significant association between crack group and developmental delay, nor with age and sex. CONCLUSION: The development of babies in the crack group was similar to the non-crack group and the opportunities in the environment were reasonable for the baby development.

INTRODUÇÃO: O desenvolvimento motor do bebê acontece naturalmente com interação complexa do seu corpo, realizando tarefas em seu contexto. Quando este corpo sofre algum tipo de influência externa negativa, como o uso de drogas durante a gestação da sua mãe e ele se desenvolve em um ambiente diferente de sua casa, como em abrigos, questiona-se como está esse desenvolvimento motor. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desenvolvimento motor de bebês moradores de abrigos assistenciais, filhos de usuárias de crack durante a gestação, verificar se existe associação de atraso motor nestes bebês, bem como, descrever o ambiente em que estavam inseridos. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com amostra por conveniência. Foram 29 bebês entre três e 16 meses. Eram 22 filhos de usuárias de crack durante a gestação (Grupo Crack) e sete cujas mães não fizeram uso da droga (Grupo Não-Crack), todos moradores de um abrigo específico. Para avaliar o desenvolvimento motor amplo foi utilizada a Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) e para a avaliação das oportunidades do ambiente domiciliar, foi utilizada a Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development ­ Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS). RESULTADOS: Em 36,4% dos bebês do crack apresentaram atraso em seu desenvolvimento, 18,2% suspeita e a maioria era bebê típico (45,5%), portanto, não houve associação estatisticamente significativa de bebês crack com o atraso no desenvolvimento, tampouco com faixa etária e sexo. CONCLUSÃO: Os bebês do grupo Crack não eram mais atrasados do que o grupo Não-crack e as oportunidades do ambiente eram razoáveis para o desenvolvimento dos bebês.

O papel do banco de leite humano na promoção da saúde materno infantil: uma revisão sistemática / The role of human milk banks in promoting maternal and infant health: a systematic review

Resumo Com o intuito de fortalecer as políticas públicas de saúde voltadas para a temática do aleitamento materno, os Bancos de Leite Humano (BLH) têm cumprido importante papel assistencial junto às puérperas e nutrizes, no sentido de promover, proteger e apoiar esta prática. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática para identificar as atividades dos BLH que demonstrem seu papel na promoção da saúde materno infantil. A pesquisa foi realizada nos portais de pesquisa PubMed e na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, sendo as buscas realizadas também pelo portal da Rede Brasileira de Bancos de Leite Humano. Após as buscas com os descritores foram incluídos 11 artigos. Os temas abordados foram sobre o perfil das doadoras de leite humano; a importância das informações recebidas dos profissionais do BLH para manutenção do aleitamento materno durante a internação de prematuros e; o ganho de peso em bebês prematuros que receberam leite humano; o apoio ao aleitamento materno por meio das ações do BLH e fatores que levaram à doação de leite humano. As ações desenvolvidas pelos BLH repercutem positivamente na promoção da saúde materno infantil, representando uma estratégia importante de promoção ao aleitamento e de apoio a amamentação dos bebês que não podem mamar diretamente no peito.

Abstract Aimed at strengthening breastfeeding policies, human milk banks (HMBs) play an important role in promoting, protecting and supporting this practice. The objective of this study was to undertake a systematic review to identify activities developed by HMBs that demonstrate their role in promoting maternal and infant health. Searches for relevant articles were performed in the following databases: PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS), and BVS Breastfeeding linked to the portal of the Brazilian Human Milk Bank Network. Eleven articles were included in the final sample. The main topics covered by the articles were: the characteristics of breast milk donors; the importance of information provided by HMB professionals on maintaining breastfeeding for hospitalized premature infants; weight gain in premature babies fed on donated milk; HMB breastfeeding support actions; and factors influencing human milk donation. The actions developed by HMBs have a positive impact on the promotion of maternal and infant health, representing an important strategy for promoting breastfeeding and supporting the feeding of babies who are not able to feed directly at the breast.

Knowledge and consumption practices on probiotics in selected low to middle-income class Filipino mothers in an Urban City

Objective@#Mothers are exposed to various functional food components, including probiotics, which have a direct effect on the quality of their breast milk. Probiotics enhance the microbial composition of breast milk, making it more beneficial for the infant’s gut health. This study aimed to explore the extent of knowledge and dietary practices on probiotics among low- to middle-income healthy Filipino mothers in an urban area. @*Methods@#Data was gathered using three focus group discussions (FGD) participated in by low- to middle-income healthy Filipino mothers residing in Barangays West Rembo and Rizal in Makati City, Philippines. Prior to the FGD, preliminary interviews of selected participants and market surveys were done to determine the food items to be included in the FGD questionnaire. @*Results@#A total of 19 mothers participated in the FGDs. The most common probiotic sources identified were yogurt, fermented milk product (Yakult), miso and tausi. The most consumed probiotic source was fermented milk product (94.7% of participants), at least once a month; followed by powdered milk (78.9%), consumed daily. The most commonly reported influence for consumption of these food items was advertisements from television (89.5%). About 53% of the participants related probiotics to better digestion and increased immunity as heard from advertisements and through counselling by physicians. When asked to elaborate on how probiotics influence digestion and immunity, almost all participants had difficulty explaining the benefits.@*Conclusion@#Although majority of the participants consumed food sources of probiotics, they had limited knowledge on its other non-food sources and benefits. In addition, the consumed food source was confined to the food item that was most advertised on television. Thus, there is a need for health and nutrition experts to exert a stronger influence in the community by disseminating information regarding probiotics.

Microbiota perinatal: Revisión de su importancia en la salud del recién nacido / Perinatal microbiota: review of its importance in newborn health

La metagenómica en el estudio de los ecosistemas bacterianos intestinales ha permitido definir un perfil genético funcional estándar en el recién nacido, de forma que un ecosistema bacteriano será tanto más "normal" cuanto más se parezca su perfil genético funcional a un estándar. El desarrollo de determinado enterotipo funcional en los primeros días de vida tras el parto es fundamental para que tenga lugar el cebado del sistema inmunológico con determinados antígenos bacterianos. Independientemente de si las primeras bacterias intestinales se adquieren antes o justo después del parto, la microbiota del recién nacido va a ser el resultado de una situación de simbiosis con la flora microbiana de su entorno, en especial, con la flora bacteriana de su madre. El tipo de parto, la administración de antibióticos perinatales, el entorno y la exposición nutricional, en especial, la lactancia materna, han demostrado relacionarse de forma importante con el microbioma intestinal predominante

The use of metagenomics in the study of gut bacterial ecosystems has helped to define a standard, functional genetic profile in newborn infants, so that a bacterial ecosystem will be deemed more "normal" the more similar its functional genetic profile is to a standard. The development of a specific functional enterotype in the first days of life after birth is critical for the priming of the immune system with certain bacterial antigens.Regardless of whether the first gut bacteria are acquired before or just after birth, the newborn microbiota will result from the symbiosis with the environmental microbial flora, especially with the bacterial flora of the mother. The type of delivery, the administration of perinatal antibiotics, the environment, and nutritional exposure, especially breastfeeding, have demonstrated an important relationship with the prevalent gut microbiome

Baby led weaning: an integrative review of scientific evidence from 2011 to 2019 / Baby-led weaning: uma revisão integrativa das evidências científicas de 2011 a 2019

INTRODUCTION: Baby-led weaning (BLW) is an alternative approach to introducing food to infants that has become popular. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the scientific evidence regarding the BLW method and its modified version, Baby-Led Introduction to Solids (BLISS). METHODS: The research was carried out between June 2018 and June 2019, through the databases US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed) using the following keywords: 'BLW', 'Baby-led weaning', 'BLISS', and 'Baby-Led Introduction to Solids'. All original articles from in English published between 2011 and 2019 have been included. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies were included in the analysis. Research on BLW/BLISS focused mainly on the themes: characteristics, behaviors and attitudes of mothers and children, knowledge of mothers and health professionals about feeding methods, weight and body mass index evaluation of children, evaluation of energetic and nutrient intake of children and evaluation of episodes of choking and gag reflex. CONCLUSION: Most research deals with BLW-related experiences and there is still little evidence on the method in terms of adequacy of energy and nutrient intake and growth in childhood. Positive points to child can be observed such as prolonged breastfeeding, greater independence when feeding and better response to satiety. The methods of food introduction do not differ in relation to the occurrence of episodes of choking.

INTRODUÇÃO: O Baby-led weaning (BLW) é uma abordagem alternativa para a introdução alimentar aos lactentes que tem se tornado popular. OBJETIVO: Investigar as evidências científicas a respeito do método BLW e sua versão modificada Baby-Led Introduction to Solids (BLISS). MÉTODOS: A pesquisa de artigos foi realizada entre junho de 2018 e junho de 2019, por meio da base de dados US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed) utilizando as seguintes palavras-chaves: 'BLW', 'Baby-led weaning', 'BLISS', e 'Baby-Led Introduction to Solids'. Foram incluídos todos os artigos originais encontrados no idioma inglês, publicados entre 2011 e 2019. RESULTADO: Vinte e cinco estudos foram incluídos na análise. As pesquisas sobre BLW/BLISS focaram principalmente nos temas: características, comportamentos e atitudes de mães e crianças, conhecimento de mães e profissionais de saúde sobre os métodos de introdução alimentar, avaliação de peso e de índice de massa corporal, avaliação da ingestão energética e de nutrientes e avaliação de episódios de engasgo e reflexo de gag das crianças. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das pesquisas aborda experiências relacionadas ao BLW/BLISS e ainda existem poucas evidências sobre o método em termos de adequação de ingestão de energia e nutrientes e de crescimento na infância. Pontos positivos para a criança podem ser observados como aleitamento materno prolongado, maior independência ao se alimentar e melhor resposta à saciedade. Os métodos de introdução alimentar não diferem entre si em relação à ocorrência de episódios de engasgos.